God Existence Essays (1348 words) - , Term Papers

God Existence On the off chance that you investigate in the sky on an apparently starry evening, attempt to inquire yourself how the stars, the moon and everything else became. Again the question of presence assumes control over your brain a similar way it did every other person's a long time back. How did the world start? What was the reason? Who was the reason? A couple of weeks back, I had the most intriguing discussion with my sibling. As a matter of fact, it was progressively similar to an incited discussion to assist me with starting this paper. I asked him, Do you accept that there is a God? A God who is supposed to be maker of all things, the one liable forever and everything that occurs to it? A being so powerful and incredible? obviously, similar to he and some other catholic would state, yes! From there I was on edge to start an contention dependent on what I had gained from the past themes in my way of thinking class on the presence of God. I asked him how one can append himself to such conviction dependent on what others state, what he has heard and from a sacred book that was said to have originated from God however directed by man? How might he put all explanation of presence behind nothing he has encountered all alone yet just what others guarantee they have? At that point a light sparkled on me. I was anticipating that him should give me reasons that scrutinized my confidence. Rather, he calmly turned and tossed a question back at me. Do you accept that there is such a mind-bending concept as one million dollars? I reluctantly replied, yes, recognizing what he was coming to. And afterward he inquired as to whether I have ever observed one million dollars? I answered, no. From that point I saw his point. What we accept has nothing to do with whether God exists. - Daniel Kolak I was rarely raised with a strong premise of Christian impact. Actually, I was never made to join in Sunday school where I would be shown the entire embodiment of my religion. I did however, go to mass each Sunday with my family, just to think that its interesting how I didn't generally have the foggiest idea or comprehend anything about the religion. I didn't base my conviction on God due to books and adapted lessons since I was never presented to any. In truth, I don't put together it with respect to anything by any stretch of the imagination. I don't have to tune in to proofs figured by researchers and rationalists, for example, St. Thomas Aquinas and his Five Cosmological verifications. I don't have to hear the story on how it was said that Jesus Christ spared all of us, or about Moses and the Ten Rules. I don't have a clue why yet I simply do. Try not to misunderstand me, I have not shut my brain on this conviction about God. I have discovered that it isn't acceptable to append our self to anything and close all entryways on other potential thoughts. Having the option to move perspectives is one of the principle aptitudes reasoning brings to the table, less for the motivations behind changing our perspectives, yet for the motivation behind liberating ourselves from connection of our own perspective with the goal that we can truly observe and comprehend other's perspectives. - Daniel Kolak This is the place the job of your way of thinking class came into place. It was all the more so to empower me to comprehend the opposite side and take on another point of view in trust that I will get familiar with the standards that I have confidence in. So why is it that theory educators ought to be constrained and confined in agreement to the establishment? How can it be that they are treated as a danger to Christianity and the lessons of strict schools? When as a general rule, all that these instructors are doing is permitting their understudies to develop by understanding something by any means points and permitting them to have an independent perspective. ...but they can't hurt nor obliterate God, if there is a God. I removed this line directly from the perusing for it gave such a major effect. A line that ought to be posted, for all strict adherents who are shocked when a nonbeliever talks his/her brain, to see. For what reason are these individuals so compromised? Can't their confidence withstand the striking? Or then again is it not sufficient? At the point when I heard your talks, read your readings and read my own chosen perusing, I came to see the opposite side of

Human Values and Social Structures :: Free Essay Writer

Human Values and Social Structures It tends to be said that Golding portrays the lesson of the book comparable to the logical mechanics of society. This is found as a significant subject in the book, which is really dread. The young men on the island see this perfect as the beastie. The beastie is a concealed figure on the island, which is represented of the dead parachutist. This dread, in any case, speaks to the potential wickedness found in people. However, this fiendishness is just realized among explicit ecological conditions, which Golding integrated in the book. The most intriguing viewpoint and presumably the most compelling quality of the story is seen as the age of the characters. The creator effectively endeavors to show how fit the part of abhorrence is among people. Notwithstanding, Golding idealizes this thought as he utilized youngsters, who speak to immaculateness and honesty in a typical society. Using youngsters, the peruser finds that barbarity and brutality can exist among even the littlest and most harmless type of people. In Lord of the Flies, many key characters and images speak to the nearly acculturated motivation. A few models are Ralph, Piggy, and the ‘conch shell’ the young men use to assemble conferences. These are indications of request and control in a spot loaded with dread and mental weight. Simon is a case of how people gradually advance and alter in their environmental factors since he assumes responsibility for the circumstance. Simon acts ethically on the island, he carries on compassionate to the more youthful youngsters, and he is the first to understand the issue presented by the brute and the Lord of the Flies. The issue that there is no outside beast, but instead that a beast sneaks inside every individual. Two significant images of development, the conch and the glasses, are firmly followed all through the activity. As the acculturated life separates on the island, the glasses are broken and taken, and the conch is squashed. Piggy, who wears the glasses and conveys the conch, is executed. Golding’s characters have a profundity and are credible for the to some degree unimaginable circumstance they are placed in. Each character has his own completely evolved character. He does this while keeping up a specific imagery in the characters. Every character, while being their own individual, represents some thought, however not to where the characters are level. Ralph is twelve and one of the more seasoned young men on the island.

Tips and Tricks for Boosting Growth and Profit through Marketing Intelligence

Tips and Tricks for Boosting Growth and Profit through Marketing Intelligence Marketing is such a broad topic that it no longer comes as surprise when we realize there are other aspects of it that we didn’t know about. In fact, even marketers, or people who are heavily engaged in marketing processes, will tell you that they do not know everything about this discipline or business aspect. For them, learning about, practicing and implementing marketing and its many processes is a continuous process. In the conduct of the different marketing activities, they learn something new every day.Certainly, one of the many business activities considered to be vital to marketing involves how businesses deal with data that will be used in making decisions, specifically marketing decisions: how they collect or gather the data, where the data will be sourced or collected from, and the impact or relevance of the data to the marketing program of the business and the business, as a whole. © Shutterstock.com | everything possibleIn this context, we are not talking about just any random data. We are specifically referring to data about markets. This type of data has a name: marketing intelligence.WHAT IS MARKETING INTELLIGENCE?Earlier definitions described “marketing intelligence”, or MI, as “primarily external data about markets collected and analyzed by businesses for decision-making and planning purposes.” However, the outlook on MI has expanded in recent years, so that the focus is no longer restricted to external data.Therefore, we now often hear MI being defined as the set of activities conducted by a business to obtain or acquire knowledge and understanding of a market using all existing sources of information â€" both external and internal â€" for marketing planning and decision-making purposes. Take note that the concentration is no longer on external data alone, but also on internal data and, increasingly, social media monitoring.MI covers a whole sle w of data and information, such as:An overview of the features of a market;Prevailing issues, problems and controversies in the market;Identity of competitors within the market, and their behavior;Identity of customers within the market, and their behavior; andThe market potential for new products or services.Depending on the nature of the business, industry and market, there are other forms or types of data that may be considered as marketing intelligence, but the ones listed above are what you’d usually find in every business’ MI list.The responsibility of gathering and analyzing MI falls on the shoulders of individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills in identifying and tracking potential sources of MI and making in-depth and detailed assessments of the MI collected. They are often referred to as Marketing Intelligence Specialists and Market Analysts.Before conducting market research, the people undertaking this task already have a clear idea where to get their informa tion from. Fortunately, there are multiple sources of marketing intelligence that they can turn to.Incidentally, the sources of the data to be collected and analyzed came to define the two classifications or types of marketing intelligence.1. MI based on external dataThis type of marketing data is derived from external sources, or from outside the business organization, and obtained through desk researches. The most frequently used external sources include:Market analysts’ reports and publications. From time to time, market analysts release publications containing their assessments of the current state of markets, and these could provide the business with valuable insight about the market.Competitor intelligence, covering everything from operational to financial data. Usually, the focus of gathering MI about the competition is on their market positioning and differentiation strategies, as well as their pricing policies.Press release (PR) or mass media monitoring. By keeping their eye on the news, businesses can also glean valuable information that will impact their marketing decisions.Social media monitoring. This basically entails collecting data about the market from Facebook status updates, tweets, and other posts in various social media platforms. It is a fact that there is increasing usage of social media by consumers across markets and industries, and the social nature of these platforms make them ideal venues for consumers to provide commentary that will, in turn, be interpreted for market analysis.2. MI based on internal dataThe sources of data for this type of marketing intelligence are identifiable within the confines of the organization. More often than not, they are information generated by the company through its own efforts and data-gathering activities. They include:Historical market data, or data obtained from previous market researches and studies conducted by the company. Marketers often refer to historical data â€" even dating as far back as several decades ago â€" when their analysis calls for making comparisons and identifying trends and patterns.Company’s internal database, which was periodically maintained and kept up to date with any relevant information as they came in. The database may include records of past transactions and results of operations of the business.Prospect lists drawn up by the marketing team through its various marketing efforts such as subscription programs, loyalty programs, and the like.Feedback from key members of the organization, such as the sales team, marketing team, distribution team, suppliers, and other partners. They are the ones on the front lines, so to speak, so they have a better handle on the “pulse” of the market and the consumers.Online activities of the company from its website and social media accounts. This is not to be confused with the “social media monitoring” in the first type of MI, since the social media activities monitored were undertaken by external pla yers or forces. In this specific case, it is the company that actively takes steps to use its online and social media presence to gather MI. For example, analysis of website traffic can provide an insight on what the customers are interested in, and how they behave when faced with the prospect of purchasing the products and services of the business.Now, between the two types, which MI is more reliable and persuasive? Generally, externally-sourced MI may be considered more reliable, boasting more objectivity. Some businesses may be wary of their own internal data, for the simple reason that personal interests may cloud the objectivity and validity of the information.However, that generalization is inconclusive. Before deciding whether external MI is more reliable or not, there is a need to take a look at the information gathering and maintenance system of the business. A well-designed system may justify high reliance on internal MI.Intelligence is mainly about asking the right questi ons. THE IMPORTANT ROLES OF MARKETING INTELLIGENCEInformation is power, and nothing can be truer in business, which cannot survive, much less begin, if there is no information to start with. Without raw data, there will be no information available for the business to work with. There will be no basis for making decisions, and certainly no parameters to measure performance against. Running a business without data or intelligence is akin to driving in the dark without a map, a navigation system, or even a single headlight.Marketing intelligence plays a vital role in business growth and profitability, although some may not be able to spot the direct connection at first glance. It is in the usage of the gathered and analyzed marketing intelligence that will have an impact on the company’s profit level and potential for growth.As stated in the definitions earlier, marketing intelligence is essential when management is making business decisions or drawing up plans for the business. We w ill be able to understand this concept better if we know exactly how market intelligence will be used.MI is a useful tool in the assessment or evaluation of opportunities for entering new markets.A business may be able to spot a dozen market entry opportunities. However, there is a high probability that only a few of those opportunities will be viable for the business. Marketing intelligence will aid in the identification of which opportunities are worth taking a second look at. This way, decision-makers can rule out the not-so-good prospects and focus their planning and strategizing on those that have potential.MI is used in the design of market development plans.A business adapting market development as a growth strategy has to put a lot of effort and resources in studying the new market that it plans to develop, and subsequently sell its existing products to. The risk in market development is that the new market may not accept what the business is offering. Collecting and analyzi ng MI will help lower that risk, allowing the business to get to know its new customers first before devising marketing techniques on how to introduce their products.MI can serve as basis for the creation of market penetration strategies.Market penetration involves selling existing products or services into an already existing market in order to increase the market share of the company. One of the huge challenges faced by businesses in this strategy is in the presence of competitors that are also offering similar products and services. Therefore, businesses have to implement positioning and differentiation tactics, such as increasing promotions, lowering prices, offering discounts and special offers, and the like.However, making the decision on what tactic to use is not something that can be done at random. This is where MI will play a role. Its analysis will help in identifying which tactic to employ in order for the business to penetrate the market and get a bigger piece of the ma rket.MI can help management in deciding fund and resource allocations for its marketing initiatives.MI addresses issues such as where the business should devote more of its marketing budget. Say, for instance, that the marketing team is currently running three marketing campaigns simultaneously. According to MI, the first two campaigns are doing very well, attracting customers and driving conversions, more than the third one. As a result, more resources will be poured into the third campaign in order to push it further into the target market’s awareness.BOOST PROFITABILITY AND BUSINESS GROWTH THROUGH MARKETING INTELLIGENCECast your MI-gathering net wide.There are multiple sources of MI, and you have to take advantage of as many of them as you can, if not all of them.One of the biggest mistakes you can make in gathering MI is by restricting it to one or two sources. There is a reason why MI is no longer primarily focused on external data sources, and that is because of the general realization that internal data, too, is relevant.Often, it is the most obvious and accessible sources that are overlooked. Many businesses fail to optimize the use of data resources that are readily (and often freely) provided by the government. You will find relevant data on population, economy, trade and labor, and market trends provided by the various government agencies.Usually, what is stopping companies from using all sources of information available is the cost and manpower that it will require. They want to cut back on spending, so they will choose only one or two sources. If this is the case, there is a need to identify the sources of information that will provide the most relevant and reliable data.Motivate from within… and without.The quality of MI will improve if all the key players â€" inside and outside â€" the organization are involved and supportive of the conduct of MI gathering and analysis.Start with your sales team. They are the ones directly engaged in the sel ling activities of the company, exposed to the market and interacting with the customers. That makes them your prime gatherers of marketing intelligence. You can look at them as the conduit or link that connects the business to the market, so they are likely the first ones to know about relevant information on market trends and movements, consumer behaviors, competitor actions, and market opportunities.Therefore, the business should invest in training all the members of its sales force in intelligence gathering. Motivate them, not only to do their jobs, but also to contribute in the company’s MI initiatives.Take a look at the company’s relationship with distributors and other partners and collaborators. They are usually the external parties in your distribution channels, such as dealers, retailers, suppliers and other intermediaries. With the right motivation and prompting on your part, they can act on your behalf in gathering high quality and reliable marketing intelligence. Fo r example, retailers can utilize mystery shoppers to collect data that will be used by the manufacturer of the products.The best form of motivation, by far, is maintaining a good relationship with them. However, in some cases, businesses hire the external parties, in their capacity as specialists, to collect MI for the company. As in the previous example, these hired MI specialists will be the one to conduct mystery shopper activities instead of the retailers.Exercise competitive intelligence.Competitive intelligence refers to a firm’s efforts in understanding and learning what is happening outside the business, and using that to make the business competitive. This requires taking a long, hard look at the external environment of the business, from the industry to the competitors, the media and regulatory bodies.What activities are usually used by businesses to improve MI? Here are some examples.Expanding external networks to the press media and industrial players;Purchasing produc ts and services of competitors, and testing them out; andAnalysis of advertising campaigns, press coverages and publications of competitors.Competitive intelligence should not be confused with corporate or industrial espionage, since it is within legal and ethical bounds while the latter is not.Get customers involved.Another external source of data that you should tap into is the customer. Market intelligence specialist Ajith Sankaran pointed out how many businesses, especially the small to medium-sized ones, often overlook the potential of customers as data sources.This actually makes sense. MI includes data on the customers, so what better way than getting the information straight from the horse’s mouth? If you want to find out about the customers, then your best bet is to go straight to them to get the information that you need.Usually, gathering customer intelligence is done through referring to market researches and reports, and maybe some active data-gathering techniques suc h as floating questionnaires and surveys. However, there are other, more creative but inexpensive ways of getting more customer intelligence.Many businesses set up processes that are specifically designed to build and maintain customer lists. Large, successful companies also maintain customer feedback programs tailored to their unique setups, in lieu of sending their marketing teams out on the field to have customers fill out survey forms. Feedback fed by customers into these programs are mostly given voluntarily, which makes the customer intelligence more reliable. Most businesses with strong online presence these days apply this trick through well-designed online customer feedback facilities.Another highly recommended tip is for the company to form a customer advisory panel composed of various customers with different reactions or perceptions of the product or brand. If you put loyal customers on the panel, balance it out by including customers that used to buy your products but h ave since moved to another brand. If possible, include customers whose loyalties lie with your competitor. Consider including in the panel customers that love your product, as well as customers that hate it.The MI provided by this panel include insights on what the customers are looking for that you can (and cannot) offer, and what you are doing right (and wrong). By analyzing your customers, you will be able to identify additional sales opportunities, which clearly means higher sales revenues and profit.Maximize the use of market intelligence tools.Small enterprises operating in small markets may implement their MI initiatives by assigning several people or a small team on the job. However, this may be a challenge if they will end up dealing with large amounts of MI, or with MI boasting high complexity. Usually, the easiest way out for some would be outsource MI activities and hire a specialist to do them. Or, they could stick to the original plan of doing it by themselves, but wit h the aid of certain specialized tools.Large and resource-rich companies are able to create their own customized tools for gathering market intelligence. Those who are not as “well-off” need not be disheartened, however, since there are still options available to them.Market intelligence tools are developed primarily to facilitate the data-gathering process, but there are also tools made to aid in the analysis of the data as well. Companies may also rely on these tools for storage of the information gathered and analyzed.Take a look at the following list of market intelligence tools â€" only a handful out of the many tools available today.SurveyMonkey â€" This free online survey software and questionnaire tool lets businesses easily create surveys and send them to the targeted respondents via web, mobile, and social media. A premium account will provide collaboration features, where teams can collectively analyze surveys. Analytics offered by the site will ultimately aid in deci sion-making.Pentaho â€" Pentaho claims to be a “comprehensive data integration and business analytics platform”. Among Pentaho’s list of products are Big Data, Data Integration, Embedded Analytics, Business Analytics and Cloud Business Analytics. Some of the noted Pentaho users are big names such as Caterpillar, Sears Holdings, and Nasdaq.Sisense â€" This business intelligence software is recommended for the analysis of large amounts of data, no matter how complex. It also allows presentation and viewing of analytics in an interactive and visual manner, making it possible for management to understand what the data is actually saying. Sisense was included in Forbes 2016 list of World’s Best 100 Cloud Companies, with a client roster including eBay, Philips, fiverr, and Sony.Oracle â€" Oracle is a popular choice among the many integrated cloud applications and platform service providers. This platform allows easier sharing of business and market intelligence across all stakehol ders. As far as databases go, Oracle is a favorite because of its simplicity and ease of use, as well as its other cutting-edge features.Birst â€" Birst specializes in using data to connect the key players within the organization through its proprietary networked analytics and business intelligence platform.Marketing intelligence is a vital part of any company’s marketing plan. As a matter of fact, marketing intelligence plays a very crucial role in the entire business plan. To ensure profitability and growth of the business through its marketing initiatives, it should have a strong and solid foundation, characterized by reliable, sufficient and high quality marketing intelligence.

Between Our Freedom is a Bloody Nose Essay - 2216 Words

Southampton, Virginia in 1831 was a remote and a pretty vapid place. As most southerners, citizens of Southampton had a strong correlation of social status according to their amount of slave ownership. Most slave owners were precautions of their slave’s lifestyles. They did not want a sudden revolt or uprising such as the infamous Santo Domingo event that occurred in the 1700’s to happen in the south. But of course they could not prevent these uprisings to occur in the future such as Nat Turner’s fierce rebellion in 1831. Slaves at this point were tired of their mistreatment and abuse. They wanted to reach that gift of freedom; freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom to assemble, freedom of press and freedom of petition. As a boy,†¦show more content†¦She, of course, was flabbergasted of this knowledge he contained. Nat’s parents supported and praised his intelligence. In the book it states the following, â€Å"Nat’s parents, his g randmother, and the other Turner slaves all agreed that he was â€Å"intended for some great purpose.† † Since Nat’s playmates knew about his brilliance, they wanted to use it to their advantage. His playmates’ plans for his brilliance weren’t subjects that he specifically was interested; he thought that his brilliance needed to be enforced in a better manner. His master, Benjamin approved of his literacy and as well encouraged the boy. He encouraged the boy to study a more religion based literacy which included Nat reading the Bible and taking him out to prayer meetings. Master Benjamin was very proud him. From this point and on, Nat would be encountering unexpected events. First, his father ran away from the Turner place, leaving Nat and his family behind. Also, in late 1810, Master Benjamin died of a typhoid which became an epidemic around the surroundings. Every slave, including Nat, now was the property of Benjamin’s son, Samuel. Maste r Samuel was a stricter master than Benjamin. This meant Nat’s literacy wasn’t on his master mind. To make matters worse for Nat, he has now turned 12, the age where slaves must go to work. Even with his hardship, Nat was able to find tranquility in religion. Religion isShow MoreRelated Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagescomplexions too, differing so much from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke, which was very different from any I had ever heard, united me to confirm in this belief.*(33) Equiano was seemingly shocked into becoming a new man. No longer could his life be woven by the innocence and naivety of childhood, for involuntarily he was thrown into eighteenth-century English and American society. He developed both mentally and physically, torn between his Ibo origin and the civilized societyRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass1281 Words   |  6 PagesFirst, Douglass makes an apostrophe to the passing ships in Baltimore. He compares his life to the lives of the ships, stating that the ships are free while he remains in bondage. The apostrophe has a tone of remorse as Douglass makes a bid for freedom. Throughout the entire narrative Douglass seems to discuss many situations they had to overcome and learn how to survive during this tough time. In the narrative Douglass describes a scene where his Aunt Hester was taken into the kitchen where sheRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1271 Word s   |  6 PagesFirst, Douglass makes an apostrophe to the passing ships in Baltimore. He compares his life to the lives of the ships, stating that the ships are free while he remains in bondage. 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As a result of this unthinkable attack on our country, the lives of thousands of American Soldiers and their families would soon be affected as well The war that 9/11 spun Americans and the rest of the world into was not a regular war in a regular country with regular soldiers. This war was one in which our brave men and women took on a radical religious band of terrorists who hide in caves, hide behind women and childrenRead MoreThe Differences Between The North And The South2070 Words   |  9 Pages The stark differences between the North and the South surface on a myriad of occasions throughout the novel, and can incontrovertibly be argued as some of the main causes of the war. Fremantle, for example, is an Englishman who shadows Longstreet. 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Personal Essay- Consumerism - 1014 Words

Chao Yi Wu Professor Sean Thomas Gauthier 345-102-MQ Consumerism and its Discontents 28 September 2012 Personal Essay As the consumption level and living quality keep increasing, most of us no longer need to worry about not having enough to eat and wear, so we start to consume in growing numbers. Therefore, a lot of us became so-called consumerists. After reading the book written by Annie Leonard, I got a clearer idea on the consumerist worldview, and I thought about how am I fitting in this consumer society as well. First of all, we need to distinguish well the terms â€Å"consumption† and â€Å"consumerism† , because these are two completely different ideas. Consumption is the only way to meet our basic needs. Everyone does it, or else we†¦show more content†¦I believe that if their family condition is fair, most of the parents wouldn’t want their child to wear the same old clothes everyday or to buy second-hand stuff or even to use a cell phone for more than five years. I think there is nothing wrong to purchase new items which can bring you pleasure, as long as you find an appropriate way to weed out your old stuff. Donation is always a good way to do it. If you can help the people in poverty by replacing your old items with new ones, why not? Besides, I think that the money you have earned is meant to be spent. What else can you do with it anyways? As for me, I like to shopping and buy some new clothes from time to time, and I think it is a pleasure to wear a pretty new outfit. In order to weed out the old clothes, we will do a spring cleaning every year and donate them to the helping centers. However, I do agree that your family and friends can bring a lot more hapiness than the materials do, but they don’t necessarily conflict with each other. As for my family, my parents still have a lot of time to spend with me after work. In the meantime, they are providing me everything I need, and I am very happy with my current lifestyle. 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Suicide And Suicidal Behaviours Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Abstraction Suicide is a major cause of mortality worldwide. It is a human calamity that accounts for an estimated one million deceases yearly. This translates to at least one decease ensuing from self-destruction every 40 seconds. We will write a custom essay sample on Suicide And Suicidal Behaviours Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The magnitude of the job is farther compounded by the fact that the incidence of attempted self-destruction is about 25 times more than that of completed self-destruction. Every act of suicide impacts on at least six other persons. Suicide rates have increased by approximately 60 % over the last 45 old ages, therefore representing a major public wellness load. These rates are grossly underreported globally and many developing states, including Nigeria, do non hold meaningful records of deceases and their causes. There is dearth of information as respects the incidence of self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria, with the exclusion of a few recent surveies. A systematic online reappraisal of published literature on self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria was conducted and relevant articles reviewed. This article chronicles the development of research on self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in Nigeria, from isolated studies in the 1960s to more recent, large-scale epidemiological studies in the last decennary. It farther high spots the demand for an efficient system of wellness records with efficient certification of deceases and their causes, and a alteration in the state ‘s statute law with regard to suicide and suicidal behaviors. Writers Dr. J. O. Abdulmalik Consultant Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Dr. O.O. Ayinde, Senior Registrar, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Alabi Omolabake Oluwadamilola Concluding Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Alabi Adeleke Ifeoluwa, Concluding Year Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. All correspondence to: jfutprints @ yahoo.com, labek125 @ yahoo.com Introduction Mental, neurological and substance usage upsets make a significant part to the planetary load of disease ( GBD ) , which is estimated with the disability-adjusted life old ages ( DALY ) metric, assigned to each disease/disorder. The DALY is the amount of two composite steps: the old ages lived with disablement ( YLD ) and the old ages of life lost ( YLL ) due to a specified disease within the entire population. Suicide accounted for 1.8 % of the entire disease load as at 1998, but is projected to lift to 2.4 % by the twelvemonth 2020. [ 1 ] Mental and behavioral upsets are common, and will impact one in every four individuals at some clip during their lives. [ 2 ] The World Health Organization ( WHO ) defines suicide as ‘the act of killing oneself, intentionally initiated and performed by the individual concerned in the full cognition or outlook of its fatal result ‘ . [ 3 ] While several definitions exist, suicide merely means the knowing act of stoping one ‘s ain life. Suicide is the 3rd prima cause of decease among immature people, aged 15 to 44 old ages, and ranks second for striplings between ages 15 and 19 old ages old. [ 4 ] These studies have prompted the WHO to go smartly involved in runing to convey the public wellness load and impact of self-destruction to the attending of authoritiess, policymakers and the populace through the bite and airing of statistics, and the development of preventative plans. It is estimated that globally, about one million deceases occur from self-destruction every twelvemonth ; which approximately translates to one self-destruction decease every 40 seconds. The incidence of attempted self-destruction is 25 times more common than completed self-destruction. It is besides the most of import cause of violent decease worldwide, accounting for 49 % of all instances. Other major subscribers to violent deceases worldwide include homicide ( 32 % ) ; with struggles and wars doing up the staying 19 % . It should be borne in head that the act of perpetrating self-destruction, is neither a disease nor a pathological status ; but mental upsets are often found to be associated with it, particularly depression. [ 5 ] Beyond numbering the Numberss of self-destruction and suicidal efforts nevertheless, is the frequently undiscovered psychological load from feelings of guilt, sorrow and torment, which is frequently experienced by the household members and close associates of persons who commit self-destruction. Every act of self-destruction, affects averagely six other people, at the really minimal. [ 5 ] This impact becomes amplified, when a self-destruction occurs in a public state of affairs, such as in a school or work environment. Non-fatal suicidal ideas and behaviors normally precede successful suicide Acts of the Apostless and should be seen as of import calls for aid and intercession, when they occur. They may be classified into three classs: Suicidal ideation, which refers to ideas of prosecuting in behaviour, aimed at stoping one ‘s life. Suicidal program, which refers to the preparation of a specific method and readyings towards stoping his ain life. Suicidal effort, which refers to engagement in potentially self-injurious behavior with some grade of uttered purpose to decease. Etiology The undermentioned factors have been found to be associated with self-destruction. [ 6 ] Sociable: These include factors such as the absence of meaningful household ties or societal interactions which could ensue in egocentric self-destruction. Alienation or a interruption in the relationship between an person and the society due to societal or economic diverseness may ensue in alienated self-destruction ; while inordinate integrating and submergence into a given society may take to selfless self-destruction, supposedly for the greater good of that society. Psychological: This includes aggression and ill will turned inward against the ego, as stated by Sigmund Freud ; overpowering feelings of hopelessness as suggested by Aaron Beck ; and cognitive bottleneck of picks as observed by Edward Scheidman among persons with self-destructive inclinations. Biological: Self-destructive behaviors have been linked with lessened degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cardinal nervous system. Post mortem findings besides indicate low degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine and some non-specific alterations in the noradrenergic system of self-destruction victims. Familial: Suicidal behaviours may run in households. A positive household history of self-destruction increases the hazard both for attempted and completed self-destruction. Medical: Chronic and enfeebling physical unwellnesss may increase the hazard for self-destruction. Mental upsets besides belong to this class and represent the most of import associated factors in self-destruction. Examples include depression ( associated with over 90 % of instances ) , intoxicant maltreatment, personality upsets, and schizophrenic disorder. Completed self-destruction is more common in males ; nevertheless suicide efforts and consider self-harm ( DSH ) are commoner among females and include Acts of the Apostless of toxic condition, cutting, and firing. Suicide is barely of all time the effect of a individual ground, but may instead result as a consequence of a multiple factors moving in concert to convey about such an act. These hazard factors have been classified into single, socio-cultural and situational factors, as depicted in Table 1. [ 1 ] Table 1: Hazard factors for suicidea? ° Individual Socio-cultural Situational Mental upset Stigmatization of health-seeking behaviour Fiscal troubles Alcohol or drug maltreatment Lack of entree to healthcare services, including mental wellness Social losingss and dislocation of important emotional relationships Hopelessness Cultural and spiritual beliefs lauding self-destruction as a baronial mercantile establishment in the face of personal troubles Ready entree to lethal agencies Previous self-destruction effort Exposure to suicidal behaviours, through the media and the influence of others who have died by self-destruction Nerve-racking life events Isolation and deficiency of societal support Aggressive inclinations Impulsivity History of injury or maltreatment Acute emotional hurt Major physical or chronic unwellnesss Family history of self-destruction a? °Modified from the WHO publication, â€Å" Public wellness action for the bar of self-destruction: a model, WHO ; 2012 † . GLOBAL SITUATION AND TRENDS Suicide rates have increased by 60 % worldwide, in the last 45 old ages, with an estimated planetary incidence rate of 16 per 100,000. [ 7 ] This tendency is happening despite the betterments in the acknowledgment and direction of depression and other mental upsets, and the increased handiness of newer medicines with better and more tolerable side effects. The incidence of self-destruction is normally reported as a rate per 100,000 on a state footing. States such as Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Russia and Belarus which record 30 or more deceases per 100,000 are classified as high rate states. States with Numberss runing from 10 to 29 per 100,000 such as Japan, Hungary, and China have in-between rates ; while those states with fewer than 10 suicide deceases per 100,000 ( e.g. Syria, Jamaica, Egypt ) are classified as low rate states. [ 7 ] However, these rates may really be misdirecting as they do non convey the true extent of the job. For illustration, China has a suicide rate of about 25/100,000, which places it in the in-between scope but it accounts for the largest figure of human deceases from self-destruction yearly, with 287,000 reported suicide deceases ; therefore accounting for about a 3rd of the planetary mortality from self-destruction in a twelvemonth. [ 8 ] Similarly, India ‘s rate of 10/100,000 topographic points it marginally in front of states with low rates, but India is 2nd to China in the figure of suicide deceases recorded per twelvemonth, with reported figures of about 110,000 suicide deceases. [ 9 ] Khan, illustrated the deceptive nature of trusting wholly on these rates, without seting them in the larger context of the state ‘s population. He utilized comparative analysis utilizing the available figures, and showed that four states with high self-destruction rates: Lithuania, Russia, Estonia and Latvia have a combined entire figure of suicide deceases that is less than the entire figure of suicide deceases from India entirely, which is hardly above a low rate state. [ 10 ] Unfortunately, similar country-wide informations is non uniformly available across the Earth. Indeed, several states, including Nigeria, do non routinely cod decease records and have no describing systems to document the causes of decease. These non-reporting states exceed 50, and include states with populations totaling over 100 million people such as Indonesia, Pakistan and Bangladesh. [ 11 ] There is a dearth of research on self-destruction from developing states. Very small is known about self-destructions in many African states, including Nigeria. [ 12 ] Mental unwellness is seldom mentioned or is implicated in merely a little figure of self-destructions. The bulk of available studies in developing states are based on hospital necropsy studies or constabularies informations, neither of which would normally document psychological factors involved in self-destructions. Suicide is no longer a condemnable offense in any developed state but continues to be criminalized in many developing states, including Nigeria. Religious and societal factors besides continue to act upon the diagnosing and registering of self-destructions. Families do non unwrap the true nature of the act, for fright of torment by constabulary and the attendant societal stigma that would accrue from such revelations. Alternatively they are more likely to declare the decease an accident or in some instances, a homicide. [ 13 ] THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT There is dearth of information about the epidemiology of self-destruction in Nigeria. Suicides are by and large reported to be rare in less developed states. This is partially attributable to the routinely hapless records of decease and its causes. In a survey that evaluated medical examiners ‘ studies over a four-year period ( 1957-60 ) in the Western Region ( now broken down into several provinces ) of Nigeria, Asuni concluded that the self-destruction rate in Western Nigeria was really low. He reported higher rates of self-destruction in the rural countries compared to urban parts. [ 14 ] Some of import hospital-based surveies have besides provided utile penetration into this job. A reappraisal of reported instances of attempted self-destruction from the three largest infirmaries in Benin City ( Specialist, Uselu Psychiatric Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital ) indicated that the incidence had non increased over the four-year period crossing 1978 to 1981, during which the norm petroleum suicide effort rate was 7 per 100,000. The commonest age group was among adolescents aged 15-19 old ages ( 39.4 % ) , while about nine out of 10 triers ( 87 % ) were aged 30 old ages and below. The most of import predisposing factors reported were mental unwellness ( 32 % ) and parental struggle ( 24 % ) . There was no important gender difference. [ 15 ] In a six-month prospective survey of 39 instances of deliberate ego injury reported in the three major infirmaries in Ibadan, Nigeria ; Odejide et al. , found that about eight in 10 ( 76.9 % ) were under the age of 30 old ages ; and merely over half ( 51.3 % ) were pupils, while 25.6 % were manual workers. The commonest methods used were consumption of chemicals and psychotropic drugs. [ 16 ] Nwosu and Odesanmi, in a survey carried out in the Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, that was based on medico-legal necropsy studies, reported the self-destruction rate as 0.4 per 100,000 populations, with about four times as many males perpetrating self-destruction when compared to females ( ratio of 3.6:1 ) . The bulk of the self-destructions were committed by the consumption of Gammalin 20 and usage of the local Dane gun. [ 17 ] Large-scale epidemiological surveies have been late conducted among grownups. A nationally representative epidemiological survey, covering 21 out of the 36 provinces in Nigeria was conducted by Gureje et al. , among 6752 grownups, to measure for self-destruction related results, and their association with mental upsets and a history of childhood hardship. They reported prevalence of self-destructive ideation, program and efforts were 3.2 % , 1 % and 0.7 % severally. The presence of mental upsets, particularly temper jobs significantly correlated with suicide results, while a history of early childhood hardship was identified as a hazard factor for life-time self-destruction effort. [ 18 ] Uwakwe and Gureje besides examined the relationship between comorbid mental and substance usage upsets with self-destructive behaviors in the Nigerian study of mental wellness and wellbeing. They found that individuals with lifetime self-destruction efforts were more likely than those without efforts to hold experienced lifetime DSM-IV upsets. Lifetime triers were besides more likely to hold comorbid conditions. Eleven per centum of individuals with a lifetime history of self-destructive effort had three or more co-occurring upsets, as compared with merely 0.4 % of individuals with no history of life-time efforts. Controling for the effects of comorbid conditions suggests that while temper upsets may be independently associated with self-destructive results, comorbidity partially explains the association of anxiousness upsets and about to the full histories for the association of substance usage upsets with self-destructive results. The writers hence concluded that comorbidity is an of import factor in the association of mental and substance usage upsets with self-destructive behaviour in this environment. [ 19 ] Furthermore, Oladeji and Gureje, besides established a relationship between parental mental upsets and suicidal behavior in their progeny. The presence of panic upset and substance maltreatment in the parents were found to be associated with self-destructive ideation in the progeny, but merely parental panic upset was found to be related to suicidal efforts. The suggestion therefore, is that upsets of anxiousness and impulse control may play some function in the ascertained form of familial suicidal behaviors in their progeny. [ 20 ] Large graduated table surveies have besides been conducted among immature people in Nigeria. Omigbodun et al. , conducted a survey to set up the prevalence and associated psychosocial correlatives of self-destructive ideation and efforts among immature Nigerians, which revealed that, of the 1,429 young persons who were assessed, over 20 % reported self-destructive ideation and about 12 % reported that they had attempted suicide in the preceding twelvemonth. The survey reported the rates of both self-destructive ideation and efforts as care towards the upper bounds of acceptable rates for young persons. [ 21 ] The 2nd survey evaluated the presentation and psychosocial issues associated with preadolescent suicidal attempts utilizing the ‘hanging ‘ method in Nigeria, and reported the being of the undermentioned mental wellness jobs: depression, behavior jobs, oppositional defiant upset and impulse control jobs. Other factors found to be associated with these self-destructive behavior included nerve-racking life events such as household break, physical maltreatment, and strong-arming at school. [ 22 ] The form of attempted self-destruction in the Nigerian military context has besides been studied by Okulate. He described the features of patients who attempted self-destruction and examined the differences between the self-destruction triers and a group of non-suicidal, affectional upset patients at the Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital, Yaba, Nigeria. The survey revealed that self-destructive effort patients constituted 0.37 % of all admittances during a five-year period, and 60.8 % of them were under the age of 30 old ages. The Numberss of male and female patients were about the same. Depression and acute emphasis reaction were the normally associated diagnosings. While military dependants often ingested substances in their self-destruction efforts, military forces used more violent methods such as hanging and self-stabbing, but none used pieces. Compared with non self-destructive patients, suicide triers were more likely to be single and to hold a household history of m ental upset. [ 23 ] The highest hazards for passage from self-destructive ideation to planning, and from be aftering to attempted self-destruction normally occurs within the first twelvemonth of holding either the ideation or program. Other hazard factors for a life-time self-destructive effort include dysfunctional household backgrounds ; such as drawn-out separation from biological parents, high degrees of domestic struggles, childhood hardship, physical maltreatment and being nurtured by a adult female with a history of depression, anxiousness or self-destructive effort. [ 18 ] Refering the hazard and methods of suicide employed in Nigeria, new forms appear to hold emerged. HIV/AIDS has emerged as an extra hazard of self-destruction. [ 24,25 ] Other emerging hazards include the cyberspace and societal media every bit good as terrorist act and self-destruction bombardment which though foreigner to Nigerian society, appears to hold come to remain. Burning with kerosene [ 26 ] , cutting one ‘s pharynx [ 27 ] and bring downing perforating abdominal stab hurt on oneself [ 25 ] are besides new but upseting methods of trying and finishing self-destruction in Nigeria. Prevention STRATEGIES Suicide bar is having increased attending in many developed states, but remains mostly ignored in developing states like Nigeria. There are no easy solutions to the job of self-destruction in developing states, given the serious deficiency of resources and low precedence given to mental wellness. There is besides the extra job of limited research on self-destruction in developing states, doing it imperative to trust on bar schemes that have been proven to work elsewhere but non in developing states. Furthermore, due to the unfavorable attitude towards self-destruction and mental unwellness, every bit good as the punitory legal demands for self-destructive behavior, self-destruction continues to be under reported in developing states, doing it hard to carry on research or develop and prove bar schemes. The World Health Organization has identified suicide as an progressively of import country of public wellness and has issued guidelines to member provinces in order to develop and implement coordinated and comprehensive national and international schemes. It has besides included self-destruction as one of the nine precedence conditions in the late launched mhGAP Intervention manual for scaling up services for mental and neurological conditions globally. The mhGAP manual is designed to function as a preparation manual for non-specialists in the designation and proviso of intercession for precedence mental wellness conditions, as a manner of cut downing the immense intervention spread in several parts of the universe. [ 28 ] There is grounds for the effectivity of two major schemes for forestalling self-destruction. [ 29 ] These include limitation of entree to lethal agencies and developing programmes for primary attention physicians to heighten early acknowledgment and intervention of depression with or without self-destructive ideation. Both attacks should be utile in our scene, but the latter attack to heighten the ability of general practicians, primary wellness attention workers and all other cells of wellness professionals to acknowledge and offer intercessions for depressive upsets is of important importance. Suicidal behaviors are besides strongly associated with the presence of mental upsets. In a underdeveloped state like Nigeria an of import measure towards suicide bar will be to cut down the stigma associated with mental wellness jobs. A reappraisal of the state ‘s Mental Health Policy and Legislation, to comprehensively turn to the current challenges of mental upsets, and their complications, including self-destruction and self-destructive behavior is long delinquent. These attempts should besides take for the decriminalisation of self-destructive behaviors in our Torahs. These stairss will be meaningless, if our wellness records and describing systems are non reformed to include mortality rates and the certification of the causes of deceases. This should assist in determining the self-destruction rates in the state, and supply a platform for utile planning and the execution of suicide bar schemes. Focused research in this country should be promoted, particularly with regard to placing hazard factors, get bying mechanisms, protective factors and possible intercessions to minimise the calamity of self-destruction and self-destructive behavior in this environment Decision In this work, the writers have demonstrated that self-destruction and suicidal behavior are a public wellness issue, merely like in other states of the universe. Like in other parts of the development universe merely a modest volume of research has been conducted on the topic in Nigeria, reflecting the deficiency of involvement of clinicians, research workers, policy shapers and, possibly, research grant suppliers on the topic. For better self-destruction research which should ensue in better bar schemes, it is imperative that self-destruction be decriminalized. Cultural and spiritual factors forestalling people from describing and stigmatising self-destruction should besides be addressed through public enlightenment runs. An betterment in the mortality records, that besides specifies the causes of decease should be ensured at all degrees of attention. It might besides be helpful if the WHO could leverage on member states to roll up and supply one-year self-destruction rates in their legal powers. Finally, self-destruction is a public wellness job that requires a multidisciplinary attempt at question, bar and direction. The earlier this is realized in the Nigerian context, the better for our emerging mental wellness attention. . How to cite Suicide And Suicidal Behaviours Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study Essay Example

Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study Essay This case study was done as a requirement of Professional Qualification in Human Resource Management, Stage 02. I am highly grateful to Mr. C Gannile for his guidance as well as for providing necessary information, which help me in completion of this case study. My thanks and appreciations go to my colleagues who have helped me out with their abilities. Content 1. Acknowledgement 2. Content 3. Executive Summary 4. Inroduction 5. Problem Analysing and Solutions 6. References Executive Summary Principles are fundamental  norms,  rules, or  values  that  represent  what is desirable and positive for a  person,  group,  organization, or  community, and help it in determining the rightfulness or wrongfulness of its  actions. This alakkaty foundation is rurrning only on morals and principles. In todays world it is bit difficult task to train and create such culture in whateve rthe Orgazination. But according the case study we can see that it is very successful and they are operating well for last 15 years. Basically, thiese principles and morals should comes from intrinsically. And the advantage of that is, once the people get used to that kind of culture they refrain doing wrong and whatever the difficulty comes , they try to do the work in a correct path way. So the counselling and mentoring will help a lot for create such mentality and attittude withing the people. Introduction We will write a custom essay sample on Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pqhrm Module 12 Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Chairman of Alakkaty foundation – AF, Chennai was a former Accountant in a multi- national building construction company where it was believed that, like many other organizations, bribery, corruption and underhand dealing are all a part of a running a business. But he decided that Alakkaty, also a construction company, will be different, running only on morals and principles such as: * Virtue, the morale excellence evidence in my life as I consistently do what is right – No bribes or incentives of any sort was offered to anyone in any organization to be successful in securing the tenders or anything else. Therefore, their overheads were minimal. With a reasonable profit margin, their pricing became very competitive. They never advertise their services as customers do the advertising for them by word of mouth. * Benevolence, giving to others basic needs without having as my motive personal reward – He realized that his workers build shelter for others but they themselves, the majority of them , were without a roof above their heads, surviving on pavements and in make-shift shanties. The company started building flats for the employees who do not have a proper home. Responsibility, knowing and doing what is expected of me; Discernment, understanding the deeper reasons why things happen; and Sensitivity, perceiving the true attitudes and emotions of those around me – No employee was ever terminated for whatever reasoning AF. The labourers include alcoholics, drug addicts, pimps, gamblers, crooks and the like. Such people, when discovered after recruitment, were all subjecte d to intensive counselling, in extreme cases, even extended to family members. Such counselling was steeres by a committee headed by the Chairman himself. If I recruited someone because he seemed good to me and thereafter he became bad, I can get rid my headache by firing the person but it certainly does not absolve me from my responsibility, as I made the mistake in the first place† Alakkaty has been in operations for over 15 years and five years ago it was made into a public quoted company as it achieved significant business success. This is evidence that it is possible for an organization to be a company of character and operate fully on morals and principles and still be successful and achieve its objectives. Analysis 01. By analysing the given case study ,YES, I feel that an organization can run based on principles amp; it could be succesful to a considerable extend. In Today’s highly competitive bussiness world, there are different different organizations, in differennt different industries and those will have different different cultures. This Alakkaty Foundation was an Organization with a culture which admires amp; promote the morals amp; principles. What is an Organizational Culture ? Morals amp; Principles? We can define organizational Culture as ; The  values  and  behaviors  that  contribute  to the unique social and  psychological  environment  of an organization. Organizational culture is basically, the sum total of an  organizations  past and  current  assumptions,  experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner  workings, interactions with the outside world, and future  expectations. It is based on shared  attitudes,  beliefs,  customs, express or  implied contracts, and written and unwritten  rules  that the organization  develops  over time and that have  worked  well enough to be considered  valid. Also called  corporate culture, it  manifests  in (1) the ways the organization  conducts  its  business, treats its  employees,  customers, and the wider  community, (2) the extent to which  autonomy  and  freedom  is allowed in  decision making, developing  new  ideas, and personal expression, (3) how  power  and  information flow  through its  hierarchy, and (4) the  strength  of employee  commitment  towards collective  objectives. It is termed strong or weak to the extent it is diffused through the organization. According to the given case study we can say that Alakkaty Foundation was a company which fully operates on principles amp; morals. The culture of Alakkaty Foundation was more into developing people and let them feel the sense of belongings. Also the culture of Alakkaty was more employee oriented and it seems to be the Management Style of the chairperson is more towards the democratic leadership style. With that kind of background an organization can run on morals amp; principles. The followings are the principles practicing in Alakkaty Foundation. Virtue Because of the no bribes or incentives or any sort was offered to any one in any organization they can be achieved many goals: Their overheads were minimal †¢ With a reasonable profit margin †¢ The pricing became very competitive. †¢ They only use word of mouth as the only advertising method. Benevolence Most of the employees live in the shanties because they do not have proper houses to live. After the company realized their reality they built shelter for their employees. Because of the company decided to increase the health and safety rate in th e company the new chairman started building flats for his employees. It makes some advantages such as, †¢ A sense of belongings to the employees A feeling of protection †¢ It increases the loyalty of the employees towards the company. †¢ The investment is for the long term †¢ Human resource is the most valuable asset to the company so it is important to look after them in order to touch their hearts. †¢ It gives a sense of ethical responsibility about the company to the other customers. †¢ Most importantly the company fulfills a basic requirement of a human being. Responsibility The chairman of the companynever terminated any employee for whatever the reason in Alakkaty Foundation. Most of the employees are alcoholics, drug addicted, pimps, grumblers, crooks and the like. They counseled the employees who are in need even the family members. The Chairman always takes the responsibility of recruiting such people and he always guide them and advise them to be good people to the society. 2. According to the case study, I think the main challenge for the Chairman of Alakkaty Foundation is changing Attitude of people based on the principles of the Organization. Because as per the case study, it says that the recruited people are from different educational amp; Social environments. Most of them are labourers include alcoholics, drug addicts, pimps, gamblers, crooks and the like. It is difficult to Change the moral of the management as well as to make employees trust on the principles and moral. At this point, the principles of sensitivity and benevolence has encourage the organization to address those problems. It will help to enhance the effectiveness and the efficiency of the laburers as well as the management. When dealing with employees from different cultural backgrouds various kinds of grievences can be arised. Grievence may be real or imagine. It is essential that grievence is brought to light discuss and the matter resolve to the satisfaction of all concern. Faileur to do so will only result in the grievance becoming worse in source of conflicts and eventually ending in a far more serious problems. Political and legal environment of the country is a part of the main challenge that Chairman has to addressed. also the competitors would be a challenge , as the most competitors in construction industry will run with bribery and corruption. 3. Factor that are strengthing the organization are visible and some are invisible. t is your responsibility to understant those factors of the business and encourage your employees to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. It is good know such factors of the organization by its members, and the way how they are going to use such advantage of thoese strenghts to achieve the organizational objective. According to the case study, the main pillars of strengthening the AF are leadersh ip style, values, organizational culture and motivation practices. The leadership style of the management of the AF accomplish the oranizational objectives accordingly. Ledership style also affecting on employees job satisfaction. As in many organizations, AF also have it own values and principles which direct organization to be success. Those values and principles are refers to the ideas what a group believe right or wrong. Therefore Values and principles can consider as another pillar which drives organization to the success. AF has combined organizational culture. It has employees from different backgrounds and the way they behave in the organization different from one to another. So AF has to create it own culture, unless it is difficult to the deal with the problems that are arise due to the various circumstances. Also the dedication and the attitude of the employees are very stong of this Organizaition. As in the beginning it says that the most labourers are alcoholics, drug addidct and pimps amp; etc. In our society, those type of people are not treated well and hardly give chances to develop. But this AF has recognized their abilities and counsel them to understand their importance to the society and their value. That concept has boost their moral and motivation. As the organization has effective counselling programme, the employees get an vast opportunity to resolve their problems by analysing themselves. This will helps to create a self-disciplined culture and it reduced the gap between the employees and the Management. Not only that, but also it will enhance the relationship among the employees. 4. Eventhough the Organization can run on the principles and moral, I believe there should be a systematic way of managing with polocies and procedures. By analysing the case study, I think there should be some changes to be done in the following areas; * Recruitment Procedure As the Organization recruit people such as, alcoholics, Drug addicts and so on, I think there should be a effective screening and short listing procedure. Because, we should take the correct decesion at the first place. By introducing a system such as, to check the competency level of the employees and their willingness to work during the interview process it will help to maitain discipline of the organization as well as the quality of the work deliverd. Training and development It seems to be that there is no proper method of Training amp; development of employees. I strongly believe that well trained and efficient workforce is crucial for the further development of AF. Such as AF will always strive to attract and retain employees with the special attitude. After their engagement, the AF must provide them with oppertunities to advance skills and professional expertise while providing the counselling. Also , this should go with the new techniques that organization can use for there further development. Introducing general policy on personal conduct This is to maintain the high standrads of conduct and work performance to ensure the AF maintain its reputation with customers and suppliers. Because, the people who worked as laboures are basically, drug addicts and alcoholics. This involves all employees observing all policies and procedures, treating colleagues with curtesy and respect and treating customers in a accceptable manner. * Advertising At present, there is no proper advertising method for Alakkatyy Foundation as it is dine by word oof mouth. To be more recognized organization, I believed there should be a effective advertising method such as using news papers or mass media. References * http://www. business. gov. au/BusinessTopics/motivatinltheories/Pages/dfault. aspx (accessed on 28th August 2012) * Human Resource Management (2011), Snell, S. , Bohlander, G. , Vohra, V. ; 4th Edition, Cengage Lerning (pvt) ltd. India * Study Pack for CCHRM (2010), by IPM Sri Lanka * Lecture notes given by Institute of Personnel Management SL for Module 12(2012)